Hawthorn (Crataegus), a captivating and hardy perennial, is renowned not only for its exquisite beauty but also for the array of health benefits associated with its berries, flowers, and leaves.

As one of the easiest trees to grow and maintain, hawthorn thrives in various conditions, making it an excellent choice for gardeners of all skill levels.

In this comprehensive guide, we delve into everything you need to know to cultivate your own hawthorn, from initial planting to essential care tips, transforming your garden into a verdant haven with this picturesque and beneficial plant.

Annual Vegetative Calendar for Hawthorn

Hawthorn trees, known for their beautiful flowers and robust nature, are a splendid addition to landscapes, offering not only aesthetic appeal but also providing habitat and food for wildlife.

Here’s an annual vegetative calendar tailored for the care of hawthorn trees.

Spring

Month	Tasks	Description
March	Pruning	Prune to remove dead or diseased wood and to shape the tree. Early spring, before leaf-out, is ideal.
	Mulching	Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
April	Fertilization	Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to support vigorous growth.
	Watering	Begin regular watering, especially if the weather is dry, to support new growth.
May	Pest & Disease Monitoring	Monitor for pests and diseases, treating early to prevent spread.

Summer

Month	Tasks	Description
June	Watering	Continue watering, particularly during dry spells, to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
July	Maintenance	Continue to monitor tree health, managing pests and diseases as needed.
August	Enjoy the Bloom	Hawthorn trees bloom in late spring to early summer. Enjoy the flowers and the visiting pollinators.

Fall

Month	Tasks	Description
September	Watering Adjustment	Begin to reduce watering as temperatures cool and the tree prepares for dormancy.
October	Final Fertilization	Apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer to support root development without encouraging late-season growth.
November	Winter Preparation	Check stakes and ties on younger trees. Prepare for winter by ensuring trees are well-mulched.

Winter

Month	Tasks	Description
December	Rest Period	Allow the tree to rest. Minimal care is needed during this time, just monitor for any structural issues.
January	Planning	Plan any necessary care or changes for the upcoming year. Order supplies as needed.
February	Early Pruning Prep	Prepare for early spring pruning by assessing the tree’s structure and noting any dead or damaged branches.

Caring for hawthorn involves a mix of regular maintenance tasks such as pruning, mulching, and pest management, along with seasonal adjustments in watering and fertilization.

By following this vegetative calendar, you can ensure your hawthorn trees remain healthy and vibrant, providing beauty and ecological benefits to your landscape.

Adjust care routines as needed based on your local climate conditions and the specific needs of your hawthorn variety.

How to Grow Hawthorn

Hawthorn is a unique plant that not only boasts a captivating aesthetic, but also has a rich history and a plethora of medicinal uses.

Growing hawthorn, though, can be a task that requires specific knowledge and patience. Here’s an unsorted list to guide you through this process:

• Choose the right species: Hawthorn comes in various species, each with its unique charm and requirements. Research and select the species that best suits your garden’s conditions.
• Planting Time: Hawthorn seeds are best planted during late fall or early spring when the ground is moist and the temperature is moderate.
• Germination: Before planting, soak the seeds in warm water for about 24 hours. This softens the seed coat and encourages faster germination.
• Planting Process: Plant the seeds 1-2 inches deep in the soil. Ensure there is ample spacing between seeds to allow room for growth.
• Watering: Water your Hawthorn plant thoroughly after planting. It is critical to keep the soil evenly moist, but avoid waterlogging as this could lead to root rot.
• Sunlight: Hawthorn plants need full sun to partial shade for optimal growth.
• Pruning: Pruning should be done during the dormant season, typically late winter or early spring. This promotes a healthy, robust structure and encourages better flowering.
• Feeding: A slow-release fertilizer applied in early spring will support healthy growth.
• Pest and Disease Control: Regularly inspect your Hawthorn plant for pests and diseases. Use eco-friendly pest control methods whenever possible.

Where to Grow Hawthorn

Choosing the right spot to grow Hawthorn is as vital as knowing how to grow it. The location of the plant can significantly influence its growth, health, and the beauty it adds to your garden.

Here are a few pointers to help you pick the perfect spot:

• Sunlight: Choose a spot where your Hawthorn will get full sun to partial shade. Too much shade can lead to poor growth and fewer flowers.
• Soil: Hawthorn plants prefer well-draining soil. Avoid areas where water tends to pool as this can lead to root rot.
• Spacing: Ensure there is enough space for the Hawthorn to spread out as it grows. This is particularly crucial for species that grow into large trees.
• Accessibility: Plant your Hawthorn in an area where you can easily access it for watering, pruning, and maintenance.
• Companion Plants: Consider the surrounding plants when choosing a location. Hawthorn can benefit from companion plants that provide ground cover, deter pests, or improve soil health.
• Protection: While Hawthorns are quite hardy, they may need protection from harsh weather conditions, particularly when they are young. Consider a spot that offers some level of protection.
• Visibility: Lastly, you’ll want to plant your Hawthorn where it can be appreciated. Choose a location that is visible from your favorite garden seating area or a window that you frequently look out of.

Growing Hawthorn is an endeavor that requires a certain level of knowledge and commitment.

However, the beauty and benefits that this plant brings to your garden make the effort well worth it.

How to Plant Hawthorn

The hawthorn, part of the splendid Rosaceae family, is a versatile tree that can bring an unmatchable charm to your garden, especially with its springtime blossoms and colorful berries in the fall.

However, to let it shine in all its glory, planting it the right way is crucial. Without further ado, let’s walk through the steps of planting a hawthorn tree properly.

• Select the Right Time: The best time to plant a hawthorn is in early spring or early fall. The mild conditions during these seasons will minimize stress and allow the plant to adjust easily to its new environment.
• Choose an Appropriate Location: Hawthorns relish full sun exposure, though they can also tolerate partial shade. Also, a well-drained spot is preferable, yet hawthorns can deal with poor soil and pollution conditions fairly well.
• Consider Spacing: Ensure there’s at least 20 to 30 feet distance between each tree if you are planning a row. This provides enough room for each tree to flourish without hindering the others.
• Pick a Suitable Variety: Some hawthorn varieties have intimidating thorns, so it’s important to choose a variety that matches your gardening goals. Thornless varieties are available for those seeking less prickly encounters!
• Prepare the Soil: Hawthorns enjoy slightly acidic soil that is moist but well-drained. They are pretty tolerant, however, and can handle variations in soil types and pH levels.
• Plant the Tree: Nursery-grown hawthorns are often the best choice. Dig a hole that is spacious enough to accommodate the roots without squashing them and place your tree in it. Remember, the top of the root ball should be at soil level.

How to Care for Hawthorn

Once your hawthorn tree is comfortably settled in its new home, the journey doesn’t end there. To ensure it grows healthy and robust, continuous care is vital.

The hawthorn, while fairly low maintenance, will appreciate your attention. Here are some essential tips to ensure your hawthorn stays in peak condition.

• Provide Adequate Watering: While hawthorns are somewhat drought-resistant, they do appreciate regular watering, especially during dry periods.
• Monitor Sun Exposure: Ensure your hawthorn continues to receive ample sunlight for the best blooms. A minimum of 6 hours per day is ideal.
• Prune Regularly: Pruning not only maintains the shape of your hawthorn but also allows light to reach into the inner branches, promoting overall health. Remember to remove any dead or diseased branches promptly to prevent spreading.
• Watch Out for Diseases: Despite their toughness, hawthorns can fall prey to diseases like apple scab, fire blight, leaf spots, and several types of rust. Regular inspections can help catch these early. If you notice anything concerning, seek advice from a local extension service or nursery.
• Fertilize If Necessary: While hawthorns aren’t very demanding when it comes to feeding, an occasional boost with a slow-release fertilizer can be beneficial.
• Plant Strategically: If your hawthorn variety has thorns, plant it away from walkways or children’s play areas to avoid injuries.
• Propagate If Desired: Propagation can be done from seeds obtained from the berries. This is a longer process but can be an exciting gardening endeavor.

By adhering to these tips, your hawthorn will no doubt be the belle of the botanical ball.

How to Prune Hawthorn

Pruning, the horticultural equivalent of a trip to the salon, keeps your hawthorn trees looking elegant and in the pink (or white) of health.

While hawthorns are low-maintenance plants, they do appreciate a good trim from time to time.

So, pop on your favorite gardening hat, grab those pruning shears, and let’s get down to business!

• Why prune: Hawthorns, with their dense growth habit, can benefit from pruning to increase air circulation, reduce disease incidence, and keep their size manageable.
• When to prune: The best time to prune hawthorns is during late winter or early spring when the plant is dormant and before new growth begins.
• Thorn caution: Beware of the thorns when pruning hawthorns, they can grow up to 3 inches long! Using thick gloves and long-handled shears can keep your hands safe.
• Remove damaged branches: Always start by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. These could hinder the overall growth of the tree.
• Trim for shape: Next, trim the branches to maintain the desired shape of the hawthorn, keeping in mind its natural form.
• Thin out: Thinning out branches in the interior of the plant can increase air circulation and reduce the incidence of diseases.
• Shorten branches: Shorten branches that are too long or drooping too low for your liking, but never remove more than a third of the tree’s canopy in a single year.
• Prune suckers: Remove any suckers, the fast-growing shoots that sprout from the base of the tree, as they divert energy from the main tree.
• Clean tools: Lastly, always clean your tools after pruning to avoid spreading any potential diseases.

How to Propagate Hawthorn

Reproducing hawthorns is a beautiful, long-term commitment, much like nurturing a bonsai or baking sourdough.

Propagation from seeds is the most common method, though it requires patience.

So, let’s immerse ourselves in the rewarding process of hawthorn propagation!

• Collect seeds: Hawthorn seeds are obtained from the berries or ‘haws’ of the plant. Collect mature, ripe berries during autumn.
• Seed extraction: Mash the collected berries to extract the seeds. This can be a messy but fun task!
• Mix seeds with sand: After extraction, mix the seeds with some sand. This mimics the natural process where seeds are scattered in the wild.
• Sow seeds: Sow the seeds in a pot filled with a fine compost and leaf mould mix, replicating the plant’s natural habitat.
• Wait for germination: Keep the pots well-watered and wait. Patience is key here as germination can take up to 18 months.
• Stratification: To increase chances of germination, stratify the seeds by exposing them to cold temperatures for a few weeks. This can be done by keeping the pot outside during winter or in a refrigerator.
• Planting: Once the seeds have germinated, they can be planted in their permanent position during a mild time of the year, ideally early spring or early fall.

Pests and Diseases

Despite their tough-as-nails persona, hawthorn plants are not invincible superheroes.

They can succumb to several pests and diseases, causing a bit of a kerfuffle in your tranquil garden space.

But fret not, we’re here to guide you through identifying and managing these pesky problems!

• Fire blight: Hawthorns are susceptible to fire blight, a bacterial disease causing wilting and blackening of branches. Pruning the infected parts can help control the disease.
• Cedar hawthorn rust: This fungal disease causes orange spots on leaves and fruit. Fungicides and proper sanitation practices can keep it in check.
• Leaf spot diseases: Hawthorns can be affected by several types of leaf spot diseases, causing spots or blotches on leaves. Good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can reduce their occurrence.
• Aphids: These tiny insects suck sap from the hawthorn leaves, leading to yellowing and curling. Insecticidal soaps or introducing natural predators like ladybugs can control aphid infestations.
• Scale insects: Scale insects attach themselves to branches and stems, feeding on plant sap. Dormant oil sprays can effectively control these pests.
• Borers: Borers are insects that tunnel into the hawthorn’s trunk and branches, weakening the plant. Maintaining the tree’s overall health can help prevent borer infestations.
• Caterpillars: Caterpillars can defoliate hawthorns if left unchecked. Handpicking or using Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides can control these leaf munchers.
• Fruit pests: Certain pests like apple maggots and codling moths may infest the fruit. Traps and pheromone lures can help manage these pests.

Advice On Buying Hawthorn Seeds

A significant part of the green-fingered world revolves around seeds.

These tiny bundles of potential life are the starting point for many a garden adventure.

They’re a bit like nature’s own treasure chests – small and unassuming, but packed with the promise of vibrant green leaves, and in this case, stunning hawthorn bushes.

And hawthorn seeds?

Oh, those are a whole ‘nother level of garden gold.

So, let’s get into the nitty-gritty details of what you should look out for when buying hawthorn seeds:

• Species of Hawthorn: Before anything else, identify the specific Hawthorn species you’re after. Some popular ones are ‘Crataegus monogyna’ (Wild Hawthorn) and ‘Crataegus pinnatifida’ (Chinese Hawthorn). Each type has its own unique characteristics and care requirements.
• Seed Quality: Always aim for high-quality seeds. Check for any signs of mold, damage, or deterioration. The best seeds are healthy, undamaged, and dry.
• Germination Rate: Hawthorn seeds are known for their long germination period, sometimes up to a year! Look for seeds with a good germination rate. Remember, patience is key when it comes to these gems.
• Sunlight Exposure: Hawthorns thrive in full sun or partial shade. Make sure the seeds you buy are suited for the sunlight exposure of your intended planting site.
• Soil Requirements: Hawthorns generally prefer sandy soil. However, some varieties can tolerate other soil types. Keep this in mind when buying seeds.
• Hardiness Zone: Check the USDA hardiness zone compatibility of the seeds. Hawthorns are hardy to zones 3 and above, but ensure that your chosen seeds will thrive in your local climate.
• Packaging: Seeds should come in a properly sealed package with clear instructions for germination and growth.

Where to Buy Hawthorn Seeds Online

Venturing into the virtual realm to purchase your hawthorn seeds can seem a bit daunting, but worry not!

The internet is teeming with botanical boutiques and green-thumbed vendors eager to help you start your hawthorn journey.

So, buckle up, and let’s navigate the e-commerce ocean together:

• Dedicated Seed Vendors: Websites of seed-specialist companies are a great place to start. Look for vendors known for their quality and customer service. Be sure to read the reviews of other customers.
• Online Marketplaces: Renowned platforms like Amazon have a broad selection of seeds from various sellers. Keep an eye out for the ‘Amazon’s Choice’ label, which highlights well-rated and well-priced products.
• Small Business Brands: Supporting small businesses can lead to great finds. Many small brands offer unique or hard-to-find seed varieties.
• Organic Seed Suppliers: If you prefer organically grown seeds, search for suppliers certified in organic cultivation. These vendors prioritize sustainable and natural farming practices.
• Nursery Websites: Some nurseries have an online presence and deliver seeds directly to your doorstep. These vendors can often provide expert advice and support.
• Gardening Forums and Groups: These online communities can be a treasure trove of information, including recommendations for reliable online seed vendors.

In the words of a certain famous botanist, “The creation of a thousand forests is in one acorn”. Or in our case, a hawthorn seed.

Advice on Buying Hawthorn Plants

Inviting a hawthorn into your garden is like hosting a regal guest.

These plants, adorned with brilliant blossoms and sharp thorns, embody a unique blend of grace and grit.

But, like any respectable host, you must know how to choose the right specimen that will thrive in your garden’s unique conditions.

So, let’s unveil the key factors to consider when buying hawthorn plants.

• Variety: Hawthorns come in a dizzying array of species and varieties. Some are petite, perfect for compact gardens, while others grow tall, ideal for creating privacy screens. Do a little bit of homework to choose the one that best suits your needs.
• Health: The plant should look healthy with no signs of diseases or pest infestation. Avoid plants with wilted, discolored, or spotted leaves. The bark should be free from cracks or fungal growth.
• Root system: Hawthorn plants sold in pots should have well-developed root systems but not be root-bound. If roots are growing out of the drainage holes or circling the top of the pot, it’s a sign of being root-bound.
• Maturity: Depending on your patience level, you can choose between a young sapling or a more mature tree. While saplings are cheaper, mature trees provide instant gratification.
• Soil Preference: Different hawthorn species have varied soil preferences. Some like well-drained soils, while others can tolerate a bit of water-logging. Know your garden’s soil conditions and choose accordingly.
• Sunlight Requirements: Hawthorns generally love sun, but the level of sun tolerance can vary between species. Ensure your garden can provide the sunlight requirements of the hawthorn you choose.
• Local Climate: While hawthorns are resilient, they have their weather preferences. Some thrive in cool, temperate climates, while others are adapted to withstand the heat of subtropical regions.

Where to Buy Hawthorn Plants Online

In the digital age, adding a hawthorn to your garden is as easy as clicking a button.

Online nurseries have ushered in a green revolution, offering a wide range of plant species at your fingertips.

But with great choices come great responsibilities, especially when it comes to ensuring the health and authenticity of the plant.

Here’s a guide to navigating the online plant shopping maze.

• Reputation: Look for online nurseries with a good reputation. Read reviews from previous customers to gauge the quality of plants and service.
• Plant Information: A reliable nursery will provide detailed information about the hawthorn variety you are buying – its height, spread, flowering period, soil and sunlight requirements, etc.
• Return Policy: Check for a return policy. A nursery confident in its product quality will usually accept returns for plants that arrive damaged or diseased.
• Shipping: The plant should be shipped in a way that it reaches you in good condition. The pot should be securely packed, and the plant should not be damaged during transit.
• Guarantees: Some online nurseries offer guarantees for their plants. This means they ensure the plant’s survival for a certain period post-purchase.
• Price: While prices may vary between nurseries, it should not compromise the quality. Don’t fall for unusually low prices, as it might mean poor quality or incorrect plant identification.
• Customer Service: Good customer service can assist you in plant care queries, shipping issues, and return policies. Look for nurseries with responsive and helpful customer service.

Hawthorn Varieties to Grow

Whether you’re looking to add a sturdy yet beautiful addition to your landscape or you’re a fan of tiny, vibrant blossoms, hawthorns are an excellent choice.

They are even great for those with smaller settings due to their ornamental, compact size.

Here’s an unordered list of some of the top Hawthorn varieties that you might want to consider for your next gardening venture.

• Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna): Often found along forest edges and stony slopes, this species is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. It’s a hardy plant that can handle heat, drought, wind, and frost. The common hawthorn is best recognized for its short trunk, rounded silhouette, and undemanding nature.
• English Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata): This Hawthorn species brings with it the elegance of spring with pretty white flowers (red or pink for certain horticultural cultivars). It’s quite a sight to see the tree covered with small red fruits, called cenelles, towards the end of August. It is particularly attractive to birds and makes for an interesting hedge.
• Cockspur Hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli): Cockspur Hawthorns are distinguished by their striking white flowers and luscious red fruits. They’re quite adaptable and can handle a variety of soil conditions, making them a viable option for those tricky spots in your garden.
• Scarlet Hawthorn (Crataegus coccinea): True to its name, the Scarlet Hawthorn is recognized for its bright red fruits and brilliant autumn color. Not only does this add a vibrant touch to your garden, but it also serves as a major attraction for wildlife.
• Lavalle hawthorn (Crataegus x lavallei ‘Carrierei’): The Lavalle hawthorn stands out for its shiny, dark green leaves and long-lasting orange-red fruits. It’s relatively low maintenance and can thrive in a variety of soil conditions.
• Azarole (Crataegus azarolus): This species is well-adapted to dry conditions and is typically grown for its showy fruit. It’s a perfect choice if you’re looking for a drought-tolerant, low-maintenance addition to your garden.
• Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida): Chinese Hawthorn is a species often recognized for its edible fruit. It is known for its heart-shaped leaves and pretty white blossoms. This species is quite a draw for pollinators and makes for an engaging focal point in your garden.
• Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica): Indian Hawthorn comes with slightly bronze foliage that matures to a deep green color. This evergreen shrub has star-shaped, fragrant, light pink or white flowers that grow in clusters. It’s not an invasive species, making it a great choice for those who prefer maintaining a natural balance in their garden.
• Mayhaw Trees (Crataegus aestivalis and Crataegus opaca): Often referred to as Hawthorn trees, these midsize fruit trees are known for their tart pome fruits that grow up to 1″ in diameter and look like small crabapples. The small red Mayhaw fruits are often made into sweet mayhaw jelly that has a hint of tartness.

Remember, regardless of the type of hawthorn you choose to grow, ensure to plant them in well-drained soil with full or partial sun exposure.

Also, considering that they are low-maintenance plants, they will not require much attention post-establishment, but basic care like timely watering and annual pruning can keep your hawthorn healthy and thriving.

Lastly, while hawthorns are generally resistant to most pests and diseases, do keep an eye out for signs of leaf spot, fire blight, and certain fungal diseases.

If you see any signs of disease, be sure to treat it early to prevent it from spreading.

FAQs

Additional Resources

Here are some additional resources that provide information on growing hawthorn:

• Hawthorn – how to grow hawthorn from seed | a guide from TCV
• How to Grow Hawthorn | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
• How To Grow Hawthorn From Seed? A Step By Step Guide!
• The Spruce – How to Grow and Care for Hawthorn Trees
• Gardener’s World – How to Plant Hawthorn
• Royal Horticultural Society – Hawthorn

These resources provide helpful information on growing hawthorn from seed, planting, care, and other aspects of cultivating hawthorn trees. We hope that this collection of resources is useful for you in growing your own hawthorn plants.